Key Relationships
Stroke VolumeEDV − ESV
Preload= EDV
↑ Afterload↑ ESV, taller loop
ContractilitySlope of ESPVR
ComplianceSlope of EDPVR
Ejection shapeArch - peak mid-eject
Loop area= Stroke work
Valve Events
● MV opensStart of filling (ESV)
● MV closesStart of ISO contraction
● AV opens~80 mmHg aortic DBP
● AV closesESP - start of ISO relax
Clinical Correlation
↑ PreloadFluids, pregnancy
↓ PreloadHaemorrhage, diuretics
↑ AfterloadHTN, aortic stenosis
↓ AfterloadPropofol, GTN, sepsis
↑ InotropyAdrenaline, dobutamine
↓ InotropyVolatiles, β-blockers